The Lottery And The State Of Georgia - 1272 Words

As the MC announces the letters and numbers, the participants are concentrating heavily over their many cards making sure not to miss the chance for a win. Then you hear â€Å"BINGO!† Bingo is only one of three legal forms of gambling allowed in the state of Georgia. The other two are, the Georgia state lottery and raffles, which are all state controlled. Out of the three, the lottery has been the most beneficial to the state. A portion of earnings from the state-run lottery go towards the HOPE scholarship to insure low-income students are eligible to attend some form of continued education after completing high school. These funds from the state lottery are slowly diminishing, which affects the amount of scholarship monies disbursed to needy students. The state of Georgia should highly consider legalizing other forms of gambling. States that have granted casinos the permission to operate noticed a significant increase in the employment rate, benefits from state and local ta x revenue, boost in retail sales and a revitalized housing market. First, when allowing casinos into parts of the state, it brings with it multiple opportunities for employment, i.e., construction jobs, manager positions, server positions, gaming technicians, etc. When casinos enter a state, research has proven that the unemployment rate dropped significantly. According to the University of Chicago, National Opinion Research Center (NORC), â€Å"communities closest to casinos experienced a 12 percent to 17Show MoreRelatedThe Lottery And The State Of Georgia1267 Words   |  6 Pagesthree legal forms of gambling allowed in the state of Georgia. The other two are, the Georgia state lottery and raffles, which are all state controlled. Out of the three, the lottery has been the most beneficial to the state. A portion of earnings from the state-run lottery goes towards the HOPE scholarship to ensure low-income students the opportunity to attend some form of continued education after completing high school. These funds from the state lottery are slowl y diminishing, which affects theRead MoreState Lotteries1076 Words   |  5 PagesState Lotteries: Take a Second Look From the time the Europeans first landed on the Atlantic shore, lotteries have been a part of the American society. According to Will Spink, most states are currently operating a state lottery despite its bleak history in the U.S. (Spink 1). Since 1983, North Carolina has introduced lottery bills in the legislature every year (NC Christian 15). North Carolina Governor, Mike Easley, favors a lottery for increasing revenues for education (Analysis 2). HoweverRead MoreLegalization of Gambling Pro/Pro1561 Words   |  7 PagesTuesday November 28, 2000 Pro/Pro The Legalization of Gambling The Tenth Amendment of the United States Constitution in the Bill of Rights respectfully states The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people. (Gerald Murphy, Cleveland Free-Net). This Amendment states the individuals choice about how to spend ones money. There are a few reasons that the Government shouldRead More Legalization Of Gambling Essay1545 Words   |  7 PagesThe Legalization of Gambling nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Tenth Amendment of the United States Constitution in the Bill of Rights respectfully states â€Å"The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people†. (Gerald Murphy, Cleveland Free-Net). This Amendment states the individual’s choice about how to spend ones money. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There are a few reasons that theRead MoreProprietors Of Charles River Bridge V. Warren1064 Words   |  5 PagesHOLDINGS: No. No exclusive rights over water and they did not intend to invade company profit, new travel and trade have priority in the decision of the court. The court saw no real claim to the water the bridge is over. RATIONALE: Court held that the state did not violate any contract by creating a second bridge. The court saw fair abilities for both bridges to have multiple travel choices per society. SEPARATE OPINION: 5 votes Warren Bridge, 2 votes against. HOMEBUILDING V. BLISDELL.1934. FACTS OFRead More GAMBLING FOR EDUCATION Essay906 Words   |  4 Pagesif you pass this bill †(Williams). Senator J.T. â€Å"Jabo† Waggoner, of Alabama, made this statement opposing the lottery bill. At first glance, this would put fear in the predominantly protestant state of Alabama, which is in the heart of the Bible Belt, as well as surrounding states that are trying to obtain a lottery. However, these problems are prevalent in the country, without the lottery. First we’ll look to Webster’s Dictionary to define gambling. Webster says 1 a: to play a game for money or propertyRead MoreThe Issue Of The Lottery943 Words   |  4 Pageslottery is one of only a few that operates a compulsive gambling treatment operation as part of its regular operations, employing six problem gambling experts. Five states require a telephone number for help for problem gamblers be printed on its lottery tickets (National Gambling Impact, 1999). Are the risks too high and are the choices made when gambling beneficial for the greatest number affected versus profitability for the state lotteries, businesses who manufacture goods and services forRead MoreEssay on Harmful Effects of Legalized Gambling1644 Words   |  7 Pagesstating, Its part of the American landscape, theyll trade morality for dollars (1). In North and South Carolina, for example, the last governor election showed that the people were for legal gambling by voting in governors who wanted a lottery. Now in the U.S., 47 states including the District of Columbia have legalized gambling. This increase in gambling is argued to be good for the economy, but there is further proof that it not only hurts the economy but society as well. Gambling has become outrageousRead MoreThe Trail Of Tears : The Removal Of The Indians1631 Words   |  7 Pagesfaced in the years leading up the removal of the Cherokees. And though the removal of the Cherokees was completely illegal, the United States government still sought to justify the Cherokee removal with ideas that in retrospect proved to be mostly opinions and exaggerations. One of the most popular ideas that justified the Indian Removal was that the United States was moving the Cherokees for their own sake. Lewis Cass, a supporter of the Indian Removal and a governor of Michigan territory, wroteRead MoreIs Lottery a Good Idea1189 Words   |  5 Pages(Merriam). Origin of gambling in the United States The first lottery was held in the America by the Virginia Company with the permission of the Crown to raise money to finance the establishment of the Colony in 1612. The lotteries were relatively sophisticated and included instant winners. All the original 13 raised revenue through lotteries. The proceeds were used to establish Harvard, Yale, Columbia, Dartmouth, Princeton, and William and Mary. Lottery funds were also used to build churches and

The Worst Economic Depression Ever Felt Theu.s. Essay

The worst economic depression ever felt in U.S. history was not only felt in north America, but this also became a worldwide economic slump. The Great Depression caused by many factors raised a question of how will the we take a step into recovery. The Election of president Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932 was the beginning of the shaping of the U.S. government interaction with American citizens. Roosevelts campaign helped him win the election of 1932 with his laudable ideas of how to combat the effects of the depression. These Ideas were a set of programs intended to fix the depression and prevent future depressions as they were categorized by their function of relief, recovery, and reform. Although these programs from the New Deal didn’t end the depression they did help the U.S. towards economic progress, the program with the most significant impact on the U.S. economy would be the Social Security Act. During and after WWI the U.S. was the main creditor to many countries and provider of several goods in Europe. While European countries suffered the U.S. prospered from the war as their economic stasis grew. The stock market being one of the biggest influence to get regular Americans to invest in the stock market had its downfall as many borrowed heavily in order to invest, it soon reached its highest peak and began its decline in 1929. It was advertised as a quick way to make big bucks. The day that we know today as black Tuesday was what ushered the collapse of the American

Analysis and Application Free Essays

1. Did Officer Smith have reasonable suspicion to make the initial stop of this vehicle? Reasonable suspicion is based on the understanding of circumstances of a person experienced in the field of criminal law. Another way of putting it is a criminal justice professional acting on more than a hunch but less than probable cause [ (quiz law) ]. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis and Application or any similar topic only for you Order Now Based on the definition of reasonable suspicion, Officer Smith did in fact have reasonable suspicion to make an initial stop of the vehicle because not only was a tail light broken which is a traffic law violation but the vehicle matched a general description of the vehicle that was suspected in the roadside killing of another Police Officer. 2. Was the â€Å"pat-down† of the driver legal?  A â€Å"Pat Down† is a quick search of a person’s being in order to determine if any weapons are present. A â€Å"Pat Down† is necessary to ensure the safety of the law enforcement agent and other civilians [ (Kiefer, 2009) ]. According to the case Arizona V. Johnson Officer Smith’s pat down of the driver was legal. Since the description of the car was the same as car used to kill other officer, Officer Smith had reason to fear for his life, therefore had the right to check or weapons. 3. Did exigent circumstances exist for Officer Smith to give chase to this vehicle? Exigent Circumstances means emergency conditions. Circumstances that would cause a reasonable person to believe that any relevant prompt action was necessary to prevent physical harm to the officers or civilians, the destruction of relevant evidence, the escape of a suspect, or some other consequence improperly frustrating legitimate law enforcement efforts (The lectric law library, 1995-2011). According to cased United States V. McConney (United States V. McConney, 1984), Exigent circumstances did exist for Officer Smith to Chase the vehicle in question because the driver obstructed justice by not providing the officer with her license and registration. Also the driver unusual action of speeding off before the stop came to an end also gave Officer Smith reason to give chase to the vehicle. 4. Was the gun in â€Å"plain view† and legally obtained?  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Plain View† authorizes seizure of illegal evidence visible to a police officer if the officer’s access to the object has a Fourth Amendment justification [ (Cliff Roberson, 2007) ]. According to the plain view doctrine the gun was in plain view because he could see if without physically moving anything or opening anything, but not legally obtained because she was not able to consent to the search of her car due to her being injured in an accident stemming from the chase. 5. Will the marijuana baggie be admissible evidence?  The marijuana will not be admissible in court unless the driver is found to be under the influence of the substance at time of accident because the previous exigent circumstances and reasonable suspicion would be deemed irrelevant due to the fact that the original reason for the stop which was the broken tail light was not in fact broken making the stop improper. Without the stop the officer would not have recognized that the vehicle fitted the description of suspect vehicle and Officer Smith would not have patted down the driver or asked for the driver’s license or registration, which in turn the driver would not have sped off inviting a chase from Officer Smith. Basically, with the reasonable suspicion and exigent circumstances the evidence found is irrelevant. How to cite Analysis and Application, Essay examples

Ethical Decision Health Care and Philosophy

Question: Discuss about the Ethical Decision for Health Care and Philosophy. Answer: Introduction: Cognitive biases are essentially systematic errors that predispose ones thinking in favor of a certain viewpoint over other viewpoints (Albisser Reiter-Theil, 2011). As far as the case study is concerned, there are several factors that might lead Mrs. jones to conclude that non-evidence based approach to her daughters diagnosis might be better than a traditional approach. There are three cognitive biases that affect health care decision making. These comprise of confirmation bias, optimism bias, outcome bias as well as overconfidence. Optimism bias is the tendency to be over-optimistic which results in individuals overestimating favorable and pleasing outcomes (McCaughey, Deirdre Bruning, 2010). Confirmation bias is the tendency to search for or interpret information in a manner that confirms ones prejudices while ignoring information that does not support the presumptions (Albisser Reiter-Theil, 2011). Outcome bias involves judging a decision based on outcomes rather than how the decisions were reached (Albisser Reiter-Theil, 2011). As far as overconfidence is concerned, too much confidence leads to people taking greater risks since they are more convinced that they are right in the decisions that they take (Albisser Reiter-Theil, 2011). I would strongly suggest to Mrs. Jones not to stop giving her daughter Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs since as powerful as these drugs may be, they are very effective. Anecdotes are not proven and just because she got positive results in the past, it does not mean that this will always be the case especially when dealing with people who are not health care professionals hence she should not be too overconfident. I would also tell her that there is evidence that the drug is works unlike her anecdote about being healed from an ear infection and cold which is non-evidence based. Furthermore, I would request Ms. Jones to deal with facts when making important decisions regarding her child instead of making assumptions particularly because they are most often vulnerable to cognitive bias (McCaughey, Deirdre Bruning, 2010). References Albisser, S. H., Reiter-Theil, S. (January 01, 2011). Avoiding bias in medical ethical decision-making: Lessons to be learnt from psychology research.Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy,14,155-62. McCaughey, Deirdre, Bruning, Nealia S. (2010).Rationality versus reality: the challenges of evidence-based decision making for health policy makers. (BioMed Central Ltd.) BioMed Central Ltd.

Water Pollution Cause And Effect Essay Research free essay sample

Water Pollution Cause And Effect Essay, Research Paper Water pollution is a planetary pestilence that affects the people, animate beings, and workss. These life signifiers need H2O to last. The causes are contributed greatly by the human population. Recently, Torahs have been passed to protect the cherished imbibing Waterss. Although they are in consequence, most are ignored or loop holes have been found by major corporations so the can still # 8220 ; lawfully # 8221 ; dump harmful waste near H2O supplies. There are several factors that causes H2O pollution. One of the grounds that the H2O pollution job is so terrible is that it is non really illegal to dump pollutants into H2O organic structures. Sewage, sludge, refuse, and even toxic pollutants are all dumped into the H2O. Often, authoritiess either do non care or merely look the other manner. Across the universe, about half of all sewerage is dumped into H2O organic structures in its original signifier. We will write a custom essay sample on Water Pollution Cause And Effect Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page No attempts are made to disinfect the sewerage or to take particularly harmful pollutants. Even if sewerage is treated, jobs still originate. Treated sewerage signifiers sludge, which is sent out into the sea and dumped. Many metropoliss and states dump sewerage out at sea. Often, they place it non far from their ain coastline, frequently killing all the sea wildlife in the dumping country. In add-on to sewage, chemicals dumped by industries and authoritiess are another major beginning of H2O pollution. Raymond Furon could non believe his discoveries when he tested a river used by a reserve as a chief beginning of H2O and nutrient. # 8220 ; Radioactive toxic waste were traced in lakes and rivers that Native Americans depend on # 8221 ; ( 79 ) . Another unsafe cause is oil. Oil, such as that spilled by conveyance ships, has been dumped into the H2O since the US C ivil War. Henry Gilfond had amazing statistics on oil spills. â€Å"Every twelvemonth, between 1 and 10 billion dozenss of oil are spilt, killing many species and destructing the ecosystem in the country. Cleanup attempts have been weak, as merely about 10 % of the oil is removed by the most successful efforts† ( 145 ) . The direct consequence of oil spills is dismaying. Thousands of animate beings suffer a slow, agonising decease. This degrades the enviroment because non every oil soaked carcase is picked up, some wash up on shore for the inexperienced person to walk upon and see. The effects of chemical H2O pollution are varied and depend on what chemicals are dumped and in what locations by industries. The chief consequence of chemical H2O pollution is that it kills life that inhabits water-based ecosystems. Dead fish, birds, mahimahis, and many other animate beings frequently wind up on beaches, killed by pollutants in their home ground. The chemical toxic condition in H2O have a great impact on worlds because it can do encephalon harm and physical malformations in unborn foetuss. Pollution disrupts the natural nutrient concatenation every bit good. Pollutants such as lead and Cd are eaten by bantam animate beings. Subsequently, these animate beings are consumed by fish and shellfish, and the nut rient concatenation continues to be disrupted at all higher degrees. Finally, worlds are affected by this procedure every bit good. Peoples can acquire diseases such as hepatitis by eating seafood that has been poisoned. Ecosystems can be badly changed or destroyed by H2O pollution. Many countries are now being affected by careless human pollution, and this pollution is coming back to ache worlds. Water is a critical component of life. The pollution of H2O greatly affects worlds and animate beings likewise. Water pollution injuries persons, degrades the enviroment, and shows the ignorance of defilers. Water pollution is a mindless act that people can assist halt.

Role and Responsibilities Support Staff Essays

Role and Responsibilities Support Staff Essays Role and Responsibilities Support Staff Essay Role and Responsibilities Support Staff Essay Support staff Teaching assistant (TA) / Learning Support assistant LSA compliments the Class Teacher and support learning for all pupils. works under the guidance of the Class Teacher would not be expected to undertake any direct teaching responsibilities or lead the class, however may be required to supervise the class in the temporary absence of the teacher. Duties and responsibilities can include: planning, delivering and evaluating teaching and learning activities with the Class Teacher, helping to prepare for lessons, assisting pupils who require additional support, observing pupil performance and behaviour, setting up resources and using ICT. Playworkers School Midday Supervisors and Assistants (SMSA) / Lunchtime Supervisors/Assistants look after the welfare of pupils in school during the lunchtime break. Responsibilities and duties can include: supervising pupil behaviour indoors and outdoors, helping younger children with tasks such as cutting up food, ensuring the health and safety of pupils at all times, distributing and tidying away lunchtime resources, assisting with play activities, dealing with any misbehaviour and reporting to a senior member of staff. All midday staff are expected to be aware of safeguarding and child protection legislation and their responsibilities in relation to this. Cover Supervisors (typically found in Secondary schools) to cover short-term absences of teachers such as unexpected sick leave or professional development setting work for pupils in accordance with school policy, behaviour management and supervision, collecting work at the end of the lesson and reporting back to the appropriate senior member of staff. Learning Mentor support, motivate and challenge pupils who are underachieving in schools as a form of pastoral support. to help pupils overcome barriers to learning aused by social, emotional and behavioral problems. Duties and responsibilities identifying pupils who would benefit from mentoring, liaising with parents and carers, implementing strategies to support pupil confidence, listening to and helping pupils resolve a range of personal or social issues, monitoring pupil attendance and working closely with teachers and other professionals across the Children’s Workforce. Caretakers and Cleaning Staff upkeep and mainte nance of the school premises and grounds. maintaining the security of the school during the school day and during any extra-curricular events or activities, dealing with grounds maintenance, carrying out basic repairs, stock taking and supply and developing relationships with outside contractors. Catering Staff planning menus, following guidelines on nutrition and healthy eating, preparing meals, complying with food safety legislation, monitoring and managing supplies within a budget and developing relationships with food suppliers Science ICT Technicians provide valuable information, resources and expertise to support teaching and learning Librarians Maintain library resources; show, encourage and help develop research skills; help with ICT related topic within library environment Clerical and Administrative support staff Schools Business Managers (Bursars) / School Administrator to manage the school’s finances, policies, resources and planning. may lso undertake a range of other bespoke responsibilities to support the smooth running of the school as a centre of the local community. may be part of the senior leadership team in the school and work closely with the Headteacher and Deputy Head to plan the staffing, budgets and running of the school. Receptionists, Personal Assistants or Front Office staff provides a key role in the day-to-day running of the school, communication between staff, pupils and parents, handling of staff rotas, parent enquiries, pupil absence and admissions.

Review Assignment 5 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Review 5 - Assignment Example t’s check and analyze whether the bluefin Tuna is another tragedy of commons, as low degree of radioactive cesium has been traced in fish caught in California in 2011 after Japan’s Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident. Latest research has revealed that the bluefin migrating from Japan’s coastal region to the Pacific Ocean after a relapse of five months of the tragedy of nuclear accident was tested for byproducts cesium-134 and cesium-137; radiation levels were nearly 3 percent higher than routine presence of the harmful matter, but still bluefin was fit for consumption (Smith par. 1-2). According to Madigan, the key author of a paper on Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, potassium-40 levels are found naturally with a near average 350 bq/kg. As per the Japanese government, the approximated cesium levels found in the fish off the Japanese coast was in the range of 61 and 168 bq/kg. The latest figures from the plant owner, the Tokyo Electric Power Company, have heightened the released quantity of harmful material during the initial weeks of the tragedy to 900,000 terabecquerels, which is two and a half times increased quantity than what was approximated in April 2011 (Smith par. 13-17). Milk is another major item of human consumption. Sample of milk gathered at Spokane, Washington and in San Luis Obispo County, California have revealed the presence of radioactive iodine, or iodine-131. The good and relieving part of the research is that the levels of radioactive iodine were 5,000 counts lesser relatively to the parameter fixed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (CNN Wire Staff par. 4). It needs to be focused that the sample findings are least critical while considering the day-to-day experiences of the people in the matter of eating highly polluted items of food (CNN Wire Staff par. 9). It creates an environment of unnecessary tension among the people that due to the tragedies of the commons happening recurrently in different parts of the

Doctoral Study Topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Doctoral Study Topic - Essay Example Studies conducted by the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) and the American Hospital Association (AHA) during the early 2000s project that there will be â€Å"shortages of at least 124,000 physicians and 500,000 nurses by 2025† (Ziwiak 2010 pg 1). The ever increasing demand for care, in terms of escalating growth in the population, aging and enhanced life expectancy, places a hefty onus on the healthcare sector to cater for an exponentially growing number of patients. However, the country is finding it difficult to recruit sufficient number of human resources to meet the requirement. The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN), taking into account the reports of the AHA (July, 2007) and the American Health Care Association (AHCA) (July, 2008), puts the â€Å"total RN vacancies in the US to more than 135,000† (Rosseter 2012 Pg 2). Thus, it transpires that there exists an acute shortage of nurses in the US and that this trend will rather continue unabated than checked. Though the US government is taking steps to enroll more nurses and trying to increase the age of retirement, these measures hardly seem adequate to fetch the intended results in addressing the issue. Alternatives like recruiting overseas nurses also come with certain disadvantages. Healthcare Industry being service oriented, it becomes imperative that hospitals should have sufficient number of nurses to provide quality healthcare to the patients. In this context, it is relevant that when staff shortage exists in a hospital, the services of available personnel gets overstretched, which may entail in compromising the quality of care to the patients. Thus, the main concern of a hospital manager or administrator is to ensure that the organization has sufficient number of human resources to meet the demands of quality patient care. Besides, eliminating delays in care should be one of the top priorities of hospitals for

Financial Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Financial Planning - Essay Example The role of three companies, like Colonial First State Investments Limited and Professional Investment Services Pty Ltd related to provide financial planning services has been sorted out in the assigned study. The of Financial planning in Australia begun in the years 80s, as during those years there were no Financial Planners as they were not existing then. This occurred due to the fact that as there was no prerequisites for the clients within the Marketplace to enable them get efficient financial advice. It was only network of insurance that existed during that period under review. The Financial Planning Association of Australia (FPA) is the peak professional body for Australia's financial planners, representing approximately 12,000 individuals and businesses (The Financial Planning Association of Australia (FPA). However, (Cowen, Blair, Taylor, 2006, p 4) reveals that "In the early 1980s, a leading Australian financial planning industry stalwart Gwen Fletcher visited the United States intent on pursuing discussions with the U.S. industry association, the International Association for Financial Planning (IAFP). These discussions related to the creation of either a new industry body for A ustralia or the establishment of an affiliated chapter of the IAFP. At a later meeting of dealers conducted by the Department of Corporate Affairs (the then-regulatory body issuing licenses to dealers of securities), the affiliation model was proposed but rejected. However, a new industry body consisting of an elite group of independent advisors was formed, the Association of Independent Professional Advisors (AIPA). It is important to note that this group excluded all banks and insurance companies from membership". Additionally, following the International Conference of IAFP held in Australia in the years 1982 and 1984 respectively, Australian IAFP was officially launched. (Cowen, Blair, Taylor, 2006, p 4) states that after the launching, "The IAFP in Australia was to be an open forum for individuals, dealers and fund managers alike. Following U.S. IAFP requirements, the newly formed Australian association sought and was granted a license for the CFP designation and subsequently established the Diploma of Financial Planning (DFP) course. This necessitated strong collaboration between the United States and Australian bodies with the College of Financial Planning in the United States providing much of the DFP educational materials and resources. The US IAFP oversaw and closely monitored the development of educational standards to ensure that the Australian DFP met the educational requirements for the CFP designation. This involved an ongoing process of quality assurance by the U.S. body". It is e stimated that there are about 5,500 financial planning practices in

The Leisure Ability Model

The Leisure Ability Model Therapeutic Recreation seeks to promote the capacity and ability of groups and individuals to make self determined and responsible choices, in light of their needs to grow, to explore new perspectives and possibilities, and to realise their full potential. (reference) Within this assignment I am going to critically compare and evaluate the use of the following models in the Therapeutic Recreation Service: The Leisure Ability Model and the Health Promotion/ Health Protection Model. In doing so I will firstly describe the two models in detail and then critically compare and evaluate them both and their use in the therapeutic recreation service. The Leisure Ability Model: Every human being needs, wants, and deserves leisure. Leisure presents opportunities to experience mastery, learn new skills, meet new people, deepen existing relationships, and develop a clearer sense of self. Leisure provides the context in which people can learn, interact, express individualism, and self-actualize (Kelly, 1990). A large number of individuals are constrained from full and satisfying leisure experiences. It then follows that many individuals with disabilities and/or illnesses may experience more frequent, severe, or lasting barriers compared with their non-disabled counterparts, simply due to the presence of disability and/or illness. The Leisure Ability Models underlying basis stems from the concepts of: (a) learned helplessness vs. mastery or self-determination; (b) intrinsic motivation, internal locus of control, and causal attribution; (c) choice; and (d) flow. Learned Helplessness: Learned helplessness is the perception by an individual that events happening in his or her life are beyond his or her personal control, and therefore, the individual stops trying to effect changes or outcomes with his or her life (Seligman, 1975). They will eventually stop wanting to participate in activity or participate in any other way. They will learn that the rules are outside of their control and someone else is in charge of setting the rules. Their ability to take a risk will be diminished and they will learn to be helpless. Learned helplessness may present a psychological barrier to full leisure participation and it may, conversely, be unlearned with the provision of well-designed services. Intrinsic Motivation, Internal Locus of Control, and Causal Attribution: All individuals are intrinsically motivated toward behaviour in which they can experience competence and self-determination. As such, individuals seek experiences of incongruity or challenges in which they can master the situation, reduce the incongruity, and show competence. This process is continual and through skill acquisition and mastery, produces feelings of satisfaction, competence, and control. An internal locus of control implies that the individual has the orientation that he or she is responsible for the behaviour and outcomes he or she produces (Deci, 1975). Typically individuals with an internal locus of control take responsibility for their decisions and the consequences of their decisions, while an individual with an external locus of control will place responsibility, credit, and blame on other individuals. An internal locus of control is important for the individual to feel self-directed or responsible, be motivated to continue to seek challenges, and develop a sense of self-competence. http://dw.com.com/redir?tag=rbxira.2.a.10destUrl=http://www.cnet.com/b.gif Attribution implies that an individual believes that he or she can affect a particular outcome (Deci, 1975; Seligman, 1975). An important aspect of the sense of accomplishment, competence, and control is the individuals interpretation of personal contribution to the outcome. Without a sense of personal causation, the likelihood of the individual developing learned helplessness increases greatly. Choice: The Leisure Ability Model also relies heavily on the concept of choice, choice implies that the individual has sufficient skills, knowledge, and attitudes to be able to have options from which to choose, and the skills and desires to make appropriate choices. Lee and Mobily (1988) stated that therapeutic recreation services should build skills and provide participants with options for participation. Flow: When skill level is high and activity challenge is low, the individual is quite likely to be bored. When the skill level is low and the activity challenge is high, the individual is most likely to be anxious. When the skill level and activity challenge are identical or nearly identical, the individual is most able to achieve a state of concentration and energy expenditure that Csikszentmihalyi (1990) has labeled flow. Treatment Services During treatment services, the client generally has less control over the intent of the programs and is dependent on the professional judgment and guidance provided by the specialist. The client experiences less freedom of choice during treatment services than any other category of therapeutic recreation service. The role of the specialist providing treatment services is that of therapist. Within treatment services, the client has minimal control and the therapist has maximum control. The specialist typically designates the clients level and type of involvement, with considerably little input from the client. In order to successfully produce client outcomes, the specialist must be able to assess accurately the clients functional deficits; create, design, and implement specific interventions to improve these deficits; and evaluate the client outcomes achieved from treatment programs. http://dw.com.com/redir?tag=rbxira.2.a.10destUrl=http://www.cnet.com/b.gifThe ultimate outcome of treatment services is to eliminate, significantly improve, or teach the client to adapt to existing functional limitations that hamper efforts to engage fully in leisure pursuits. Often these functional deficits are to the degree that the client has difficulty learning, developing his or her full potential, interacting with others, or being independent. The aim of treatment services is to reduce these barriers so further learning and involvement by the client can take place. Leisure Education: Leisure education services focus on the client acquiring leisure-related attitudes, knowledge, and skills. Participating successfully in leisure requires a diverse range of skills and abilities, and many clients of therapeutic recreation services do not possess these, have not been able to use them in their leisure time, or need to re-learn them incorporating the effects of their illness and/ or disability. Leisure education services are provided to meet a wide range of client needs related to engaging in a variety of leisure activities and experiences. (Howe, 1989, p. 207). The overall outcome sought through leisure education services is a client who has enough knowledge and skills that an informed and independent choice can be made for his or her future leisure participation. Leisure education means increased freedom of choice, increased locus of control, increased intrinsic motivation, and increased independence for the client. Recreation Participation: http://dw.com.com/redir?tag=rbxira.2.a.10destUrl=http://www.cnet.com/b.gif Recreation participation programs are structured activities that allow the client to practice newly acquired skills, and/or experience enjoyment and self-expression. These programs are provided to allow the client greater freedom of choice within an organized delivery system and may, in fact, be part of the individuals leisure lifestyle. The clients role in recreation participation programs includes greater decision making and increased self-regulated behaviour. The client has increased freedom of choice and his or her motivation is largely intrinsic. In these programs, the specialist is generally no longer teaching or in charge per se. The client becomes largely responsible for his or her own experience and outcome, with the specialist moving to an organizer and/or supervisor role. As Stumbo and Peterson (1998) noted, recreation participation allows the client an opportunity to practice new skills, experience enjoyment, and achieve self-expression. From a clinical perspective, recreation participation does much more. For instance, recreation opportunities provide clients with respite from other, more arduous, therapy services. Leisure education programs may focus on: (a) self-awareness in relation to clients new status; (b) learning social skills such as assertiveness, coping, and friendship making; (c) re-learning or adapting pre-morbid leisure skills; and (d) locating leisure resources appropriate to new interests and that are accessible. Recreation participation programs may involve practicing a variety of new leisure and social skills in a safe, structured environment. In designing and implementing these programs, the specialist builds on opportunities for the individual to exercise control, mastery, intrinsic motivation, and choice. The ultimate outcome would be for each client to be able to adapt to and cope with individual disability to the extent that he or she will experience a satisfying and independent leisure lifestyle, and be able to master skills to achieve flow. Health Promotion/ Health Protection Model: The Health Protection/Health Promotion Model (Austin, 1996, 1997) stipulates that the purpose of therapeutic recreation is to assist persons to recover following threats to health, by helping them to restore themselves or regain stability. (health protection), and secondly, optimising their potentials in order that they may enjoy as high a quality of health as possible (health promotion). Within this model (Austin, 1997, p. 144) states that à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"the mission of therapeutic recreation is to use activity, recreation, and leisure to help people to deal with problems that serve as barriers to health and to assist them to grow toward their highest levels of health and wellness The health promotion, health protection model is broken up into four broad concepts which are the humanistic perspective, high level wellness, stabilisation and actualisation and health. Humanistic Perspective: Those who embrace the humanistic perspective believe that each of us has the responsibility for his or her own health and the capacity for making self-directed and wise choices regarding our health. Since individuals are responsible for their own health, it is critical to empower individuals to become involved in decision-making to the fullest extent possible (Austin, 1997). High-Level Wellness: High-level wellness deals with helping persons to achieve as high a level of wellness as they are capable of achieving (Austin, 1997). Therapeutic Recreation professionals have concern for the full range of the illness-wellness continuum (Austin, 1997). http://dw.com.com/redir?tag=rbxira.2.a.10destUrl=http://www.cnet.com/b.gif Stabilization and Actualization Tendencies: The stabilizing tendency is concerned with maintaining the steady state of the individual. It is an adaptation mechanism that helps us keep stress in a manageable range. It protects us from biophysical and psychosocial harm. The stabilizing tendency is the motivational force behind health protection that focuses on efforts to move away from or avoid negatively valence states of illness and injury (Pender, 1996, p. 34). The actualization tendency drives us toward health promotion that focuses on efforts to approach or move toward a positively valence state of high-level health and well-being (Pender, 1996, p. 34). Health: King (1971) and Pender (1996) health encompasses both coping adaptively and growing and becoming. Healthy people can cope with lifes stressors. Those who enjoy optimal health have the opportunity to pursue the highest levels of personal growth and development. Under the Health Protection/Health Promotion Model, therapists* recognize that to help clients strive toward health promotion is the ultimate goal of therapeutic recreation. Further, therapists prize the right of each individual to pursue his or her highest state of well-being, or optimal health. TR practice is therefore based on a philosophy that encourages clients to attempt to achieve maximum health, rather than just recover from illness (Austin, 1997). The Component of Prescriptive Activities: When clients initially encounter illnesses or disorders, often they become self-absorbed. They have a tendency to withdraw from their usual life activities and to experience a loss of control over their lives (Flynn, 1980). Research (e.g., Langer Rodin, 1976; Seligman Maier, 1967) has shown that feelings of lack of control may bring about a sense of helplessness that can ultimately produce severe depression. At times such as this clients are encountering a significant threat to their health and are not prepared to enjoy and benefit from recreation or leisure. For these individuals, activity is a necessary prerequisite to health restoration. Activity is a means for them to begin to gain control over their situation and to overcome feelings of helplessness and depression that regularly accompany loss of control. At this point on the continuum, Therapeutic Recreation professionals provide direction and structure for prescribed activities. Once engaged in activity, clients can begin to perceive themselves as being able to successfully interact with their environments, to start to experience feelings of success and mastery, and to take steps toward regaining a sense of control. Clients come to realise that they are not passive victims but can take action to restore their health. They are then ready to partake in the recreation component of treatment. The Recreation Component: Recreation is activities that take place during leisure time (Kraus. 1971). Client need to take part in intrinsically motivated recreation experiences that produce a sense of mastery and accomplishment within a supportive and nonthreatening atmosphere. Clients have fun as they learn new skills, new behaviors, new ways to interact with others, new philosophies and values, and new cognition about themselves. In short, they learn that they can be successful in their interactions with the world. Through recreation they are able to re-create themselves, thus combating threats to health and restoring stability. http://dw.com.com/redir?tag=rbxira.2.a.10destUrl=http://www.cnet.com/b.gif The Leisure Component: Whereas recreation allows people to restore themselves, leisure is growth promoting. Leisure is a means to self-actualisation because it allows people to have self-determined opportunities to expand themselves by successfully using their abilities to meet challenges. Feelings of accomplishment, confidence and pleasure result from such growth producing experiences. Thus leisure assumes an important role in assisting people to reach their potentials (Iso-Ahola, 1989). Core elements in leisure seem to be that it is freely chosen and intrinsically motivated. The Recreation and Leisure Components: Although recreation and leisure differ in that recreation is an adaptive device that allows us to restore ourselves and leisure is a phenomenon that allows growth, they share commonalities. Both recreation and leisure are free from constraint. Both involve intrinsic motivation and both provide an opportunity for people to experience a tremendous amount of control in their lives. Both permit us to suspend everyday rules and conventions in order to be ourselves and let our hair down. Both allow us to be human with all of our imperfections and frailties. It is the task of the therapeutic recreation professional to maintain an open, supportive, and nonthreatening atmosphere that encourages these positive attributes of recreation and leisure and which help to bring about therapeutic benefit (Austin, 1996). http://dw.com.com/redir?tag=rbxira.2.a.10destUrl=http://www.cnet.com/b.gif According to Bandura (1986), bolstered efficacy expectations allow clients to have confidence in themselves and in their abilities to succeed in the face of frustration. Thus, clients feel more and more able to be in control of their lives and to meet adversity as they move along the continuum toward higher levels of health. It is the role of the TR professional to help each client assume increasing levels of independence as he or she moves along the illness-wellness continuum. Of course, the client with the greatest dependence on the therapist will be the individual who is in the poorest health. At this point the stabilizing tendency is paramount while the client attempts to ward off the threat to health and to return to his or her usual stable state. At this time the therapist engages the client in prescriptive activities or recreation experiences in order to assist the client with health protection. During prescriptive activities the clients control is the smallest and the therapi sts is the largest. During recreation there is more of a mutual participation by the client and therapist. With the help of the therapist, the client learns to select, and participate in, recreation experiences that promote health improvement. Approximately midway across the continuum, the stabilising tendency reduces and the actualising tendency begins to arise. Leisure begins to emerge as the paramount paradigm. As the actualisation tendency increases, the client becomes less and less dependent on the therapist and more and more responsible for self-determination. The role of the therapist continues to diminish until the client is able to function without the helper. At this point the client can function relatively independently of the TR professional and there is no need for TR service delivery (Austin, 1997). Comparison of the use of the Leisure Ability Model to the Health Promotion/ Health Protection Model in Therapeutic Recreation Services: The role of the therapeutic recreation specialist, in order to reverse the consequences of learned helplessness, is to assist the individual in: (a) increasing the sense of personal causation and internal control, (b) increasing intrinsic motivation, (c) increasing the sense of personal choice and alternatives, and (d) achieving the state of optimal experience or flow. In theory, then, therapeutic recreation is provided to affect the total leisure behaviour (leisure lifestyle) of individuals with disabilities and/or illnesses through decreasing learned helplessness, and increasing personal control, intrinsic motivation, and personal choice. This outcome is accomplished through the specific provision of treatment, leisure education, and recreation participation services which teach specific skills, knowledges, and abilities, and take into consideration the matching of client skill and activity challenge. Another strength is the Models flexibility. One level of flexibility is with the three components of service. Each component of service is selected and programmed based on client need. That is, some clients will need treatment and leisure education services, without recreation participation. Other clients will need only leisure education and recreation participation services. Clearly, services are selected based on client need. In addition, programs conceptualized within each service component are selected based on client need. flexibility allow the specialist to custom design programs to fit the needs of every and any client group served by therapeutic recreation. The ultimate goal of leisure lifestyle remains the same for every client, but since it is based on the individual, how the lifestyle will be implemented by the individual and what it contains may differ. As such, the content of the Leisure Ability Model is not specific to any one population or client group, nor is it confined to any specific service or delivery setting. Some authors, including Kinney and Shank (1989), have reported this as a strength of the Model. According to the model, intervention may occur in a wide range of settings and addresses individuals with physical, mental, social, or emotional limitations (Peterson Gunn, p. 4). The intervention model is conceptually divided into three phases along a continuum of client functioning and restrictiveness. The three phases of therapeutic recreation intervention are arranged in a sequence, from greater therapist control to lesser therapist control, and from lesser client independence to greater client independence. This arrangement is purposeful and is meant to convey that the ultimate aim of the appropriate leisure lifestyle is that it be engaged in independently and freely. Summary The Health Protection/Health Promotion Model contains three major components (i.e., prescribed activities, recreation, and leisure) that range along an illness-wellness continuum. According to their needs, clients may enter anywhere along the continuum. The model emphasizes the active role of the client who becomes less and less reliant on the TR professional as he or she moves toward higher levels of health. Initially, direction and structure are provided through prescriptive activities to help activate the client. During recreation, the client and therapist join together in a mutual effort to restore normal functioning. During leisure, the client assumes primary responsibility for his or her own health and well-being. Evaluation of both models and there use in therapeutic recreation services: The overall intended outcome of therapeutic recreation services, as defined by the Leisure Ability Model, is a satisfying, independent, and freely chosen leisure lifestyle. In order to facilitate these perceptions, therapeutic recreation specialists must be able to design, implement, and evaluate a variety of activities that increase the persons individual competence and sense of control. In relation to leisure behaviour, Peterson (1989) felt that this includes improving functional abilities, improving leisure-related attitudes, skills, knowledge, and abilities, and voluntarily engaging in self-directed leisure behaviour. Thus, the three service areas of treatment, leisure education, and recreation participation are designed to teach specific skills to improve personal competence and a sense of accomplishment. Csikszentmihalyi (1990) summed up the importance of these perceptions: In the long run optimal experiences add up to a sense of mastery-or perhaps better, a sense of participation in determining the content of life-that comes as close to what is usually meant by happiness as anything else we can conceivably imagine (p. 4). The therapeutic recreation specialist must be able to adequately assess clients skill level (through client assessment) and activity requirements (through activity analysis) in order for the two to approximate one another. Given Decis (1975) theory of intrinsic motivation which includes the concept of incongruity, therapeutic recreation specialists may provide activities slightly above the skill level of clients in order to increase the sense of mastery. When this match between the activity requirements and client skill levels occurs, clients are most able to learn and experience a higher quality leisure. To facilitate this, therapeutic recreation specialists become responsible for comprehending and incorporating the: (a) theoretical bases (including but not limited to internal locus of control, intrinsic motivation, personal causation, freedom of choice, and flow); (b) typical client characteristics, including needs and deficits; (c) aspects of quality therapeutic recreation program delivery process (e.g., client assessment, activity analysis, outcome evaluation, etc.); and (d) therapeutic recreation content (treatment, leisure education, and recreation participation). These areas of understanding are important for the therapeutic recreation specialist to be able to design a series of coherent, organized programs that meet client needs and move the client further toward an independent and satisfactory leisure lifestyle. Again, the success of that lifestyle is dependent on the client gaining a sense of control and choice over leisure options, and having an orientation toward intrinsic motivation, an internal locus of control, and a personal sense of causality. The Leisure Ability Model provides specific content that can be addressed with clients in order to facilitate their development, maintenance, and expression of a successful leisure lifestyle. Each aspect of this content applies to the future success, independence, and well-being of clients in regard to their leisure. http://dw.com.com/redir?tag=rbxira.2.a.10destUrl=http://www.cnet.com/b.gif The client has reduced major functional limitations that prohibit or significantly limit leisure involvement (or at least has learned ways to overcome these barriers); understands and values the importance of leisure in the totality of life experiences; has adequate social skills for involvement with others; is able to choose between several leisure activity options on a daily basis, and make decisions for leisure participation; is able to locate and use leisure resources as necessary; and has increased perceptions of choice, motivation, freedom, responsibility, causality, and independence with regard to his or her leisure. These outcomes are targeted through the identification of client needs, the provision of programs to meet those needs, and the evaluation of outcomes during and after program delivery. A therapeutic recreation specialist designs, implements, and evaluates services aimed at these outcomes Austin (1989) objected to the Leisure Ability Model on the basis that is supporting a leisure behaviour orientation, instead of the therapy orientation. A number of authors have objected to the Leisure Ability Model, having observed that its all-encompassing approach is too broad and lacks the focus needed to direct a profession (Austin, p. 147). Austin advocated an alignment of therapeutic recreation with allied health and medical science disciplines, rather than leisure and recreation professionals The Model in Practice The Health Protection/Health Promotion Model may be applied in any setting (i.e., clinical or community) in which the goal of therapeutic recreation is holistic health and well-being. Thus, anyone who wishes to improve his or her level of health can become a TR client. TR professionals view all clients as having abilities and intact strengths, as well as possessing intrinsic worth and the potential for change. Through purposeful intervention using the TR process (i.e., assessment, planning, implementation, evaluation), therapeutic outcomes emphasize enhanced client functioning. Typical therapeutic outcomes include increasing personal awareness, improving social skills, enhancing leisure abilities, decreasing stress, improving physical functioning, and developing feelings of positive self-regard, self-efficacy and perceived control (Austin, 1996). Conclusion: In conclusion to this assignment on the critical comparison and evaluation of the use of the Leisure Ability Model and the Health Promotion/ Health Protection Model in the therapeutic recreation services I found that.. Reference Page:

Analysis of Sylvia Paths Daddy Essay -- Sylvia Path Daddy

Analysis of Sylvia Path's Daddy After doing some research on the poet Sylvia Plath it soon became apparent that this poem â€Å"Daddy† is somewhat of a confessional life story. Throughout the poem Plath incorporates many different elements to reveal the theme of her negative attitude towards men in her life especially that of her father. In lines 2-3 â€Å"Any more black shoe, In which I have lived like a foot.† Plath uses the image of feet and black shoes to begin to reveal the picture of her relationship with her father. The feet here represent that of herself, she in this case is the foot while her father is the shoe, a shoe which she is surrounded by and cant escape. The color black is used here to also represent another portion of the picture of the relationship she has with her father revealing that black is symbolic of death and that since the shoe that is binding her is black, in essence is killing her. In lines 8-10 â€Å"Marble-heavy, a bag full of God, Ghastly statue with one gray toe, Bug as a Frisco seal.† Plath is portraying her father as a statue one made up of marble. Mar... Analysis of Sylvia Path's Daddy Essay -- Sylvia Path Daddy Analysis of Sylvia Path's Daddy After doing some research on the poet Sylvia Plath it soon became apparent that this poem â€Å"Daddy† is somewhat of a confessional life story. Throughout the poem Plath incorporates many different elements to reveal the theme of her negative attitude towards men in her life especially that of her father. In lines 2-3 â€Å"Any more black shoe, In which I have lived like a foot.† Plath uses the image of feet and black shoes to begin to reveal the picture of her relationship with her father. The feet here represent that of herself, she in this case is the foot while her father is the shoe, a shoe which she is surrounded by and cant escape. The color black is used here to also represent another portion of the picture of the relationship she has with her father revealing that black is symbolic of death and that since the shoe that is binding her is black, in essence is killing her. In lines 8-10 â€Å"Marble-heavy, a bag full of God, Ghastly statue with one gray toe, Bug as a Frisco seal.† Plath is portraying her father as a statue one made up of marble. Mar...

Through outsourcing and strategic alliances

At the beginning of 1992, the computer hardware industry had become completely vulnerable to commoditization. This resulted in a vicious price war which took market share away from premium priced brands like Apple.As a result, the company had to formulate new strategies in order to build and maintain a competitive edge. In this respect, Apple stood in a unique position because its level of vertical and horizontal integration was matched only by IBM’s and IBM was competing in a different market.One of the strategies that the management undertook was to open its system to other standards and expand market share that way. This strategy was implemented through outsourcing and strategic alliances.Through outsourcing and strategic alliances, the company was able to not only minimize costs but also to differentiate its product line in order to widen its market appeal. However, as mentioned before, Apple stood in a unique position to exercise a considerable level of impact on the indu stry whether competing with a closed system or an open-ended one.Porter’s five forces before opening the systemWhen Apple had first started selling its computers, the threat of new entrants had been minimal because the company was implementing a proprietary technology. However when IBM entered the industry with its open-ended systems, most manufacturers could manufacture clones at a fraction of the cost.This increased the threat of new entrants. Because the threat of new entrants was high, the threat of substitute products was also high. In this context, Apple began to lose market share because even though it was generating considerable value through packaging hardware and software together, the fact that it manufactured all the components in-house meant that the company was forced to sell its products at a premium price.This was a severe disadvantage for the company as competitors could offer the same level of features in their products at a fraction of the cost. Because of the high threat of new entrants and substitute products, the threat of competition was also very high.The competitive strategies that major players in the industry were implementing at the time were based on both hardware and software. In this respect, Apple’s graphical user interface had gained considerable market share because of its ease of use. However Microsoft had also been developing the Windows operating system which had competing features and which had the additional advantage of greater market penetration.Competitive strategies in the computer hardware industry in the mid 80s started to focus more on software as hardware was becoming increasingly commoditized. This meant that the only way for hardware manufacturers to develop a unique selling proposition was to package more software features into the hardware.The hardware manufacturers could not incorporate the Apple operating system because it was not compatible with any hardware specifications other than those man ufactured at Apple. This resulted in increased market penetration for Microsoft’s operating system. However because Apple was developing a proprietary technology, it could not take advantage of the fast growing size of the market. As a result, the company was forced to confine its marketing and selling operations to the existing clients.However the availability of low priced competitor products meant that Apple was losing even its existing customers to the clone manufacturers. In this respect, the most profitable customer group was that consisting of corporate clients. However this segment of the market was price sensitive and therefore prioritized cost considerations ahead of other product features.This was the reason why Apple had been experiencing decreasing returns at the beginning of the 90’s. In spite of the nature of its organization structure which enabled it to offer complete solutions, Apple began to suffer a distinct disadvantage from its high prices.The fac t that there was a high threat of new entrants and substitute products resulted in a high threat of bargaining power from the customers. Clone manufacturers like Dell did not have to engage in extensive research and development activities in order to manufacture new products. Instead they manufactured products based on standards pioneered by IBM.As a result, cost of production was considerably lower for these companies than they were for companies like IBM and Apple which had to conduct capital-intensive research and development activities periodically in order to bring out new product lines. With Dell for example, the competitive advantage lay in its unique distribution structure which cut costs further. This enabled clone manufacturers to offer a wide variety of product offerings, in the process facilitating a considerable level of bargaining power for the buyers.The bargaining power of suppliers was medium because most hardware manufacturers tended to maintain a joint venture fra mework in developing their products.For example, IBM had a partnership with Intel for sourcing the latter’s microprocessors. This partnership meant that manufacturers and their suppliers did not have to negotiate prices every time they developed a new standard. Therefore the industry was favourably positioned in terms of the bargaining power of suppliers for those manufacturers who maintained open standards.

english literature Essay

english literature Essay english literature Essay both in oceania and gilead, rationalised and controlled temporality is supplemented by the state's attempts to manipulate traces of memory 1984: simultaneous control of personal memory and state history is the founding principle of ingsoc's doctrine member's memories are controlled by a way of lunatic dislocation in the mind (doublethink) the handmaid's tale: physical and symbolic remnants of before are either renamed or completely destroyed offred (herself deprived of name and identity) goes shopping and is haunted by echoes of vanished buildings like everything else in gilead, erasure of the past is distinctly gendered, most of the shops carrying things for men are still open it's just the ones dealing in vanities that are closed money is a thing of the past, it is something to be stuck in a photo album to be remembered As well as tearing down, covering up, and otherwise superseding the material culture of the undesirable past, Gilead, like Oceania, attempts actively to reshape its historiography so that the relation between past and present conforms to proper ideological principles. The Party in Nineteen Eighty-Four uses the discourse of history to posit an absolute, irreducible break between a supposedly ghastly pre-Revolutionary past, and a glorious, utopian present and future. To borrow from Derrida, its historiography consists in a series of â€Å"detestable revisionisms† (90), such as the child’s history text that Winston transcribes into his diary, which contrasts the (supposedly) â€Å"dark, dirty, miserable place† that was capitalist London with â€Å"the

Carnivorous Plants

Carnivorous Plants Carnivorous plants are plants that capture, kill, and digest animal organisms. Like all plants, carnivorous plants are capable of photosynthesis. Since they usually live in areas where the soil quality is poor, they must supplement their diet with nutrients gained from digesting animals. Like other flowering plants, carnivorous plants use tricks to entice insects. These plants have developed specialized leaves that work to lure and then trap unsuspecting insects. Key Takeaways Carnivorous plants are plants that have the ability to eat animal organisms. These highly specialized plants are able to both lure and trap insects.The Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula) is the most well known of the carnivorous plants. They live in wet areas such as bogs and swamps.Sundews are covered in tentacles. Their tentacles make a sticky dew-like substance that attracts insects.Bladderworts are plants that dont have roots and are often found in aquatic areas and in areas with wet soil. They capture insects via a trapdoor.Other examples of carnivorous plants include tropical pitcher plants and North American pitcher plants. There are several genera of carnivorous plants and hundreds of carnivorous plant species. Here are some of my favorite genera of carnivorous plants: Flytraps - Dionaea muscipula Dionaea muscipula, also known as the Venus flytrap, is probably the most well known of the carnivorous plants. Insects are lured into the mouth-like leaves by nectar. Once an insect enters the trap it touches tiny hairs on the leaves. This sends impulses through the plant triggering the leaves to close. Glands located in the leaves release enzymes that digest the prey and the nutrients are absorbed by the leaves. Flies, ants, and other bugs are not the only animals that the flytrap may snare. Frogs and other small vertebrates may sometimes become trapped by the plant as well. Venus flytraps live in wet, nutrient-poor environments, such as bogs, wet savannas, and swamps. Sundews - Drosera Sundew feeding on a green lacewing. Reinhard Dirscherl/WaterFrame/Getty Images Plus Species of plants from the genus Drosera are called Sundews. These plants live in wet biomes, including marshes, bogs, and swamps. Sundews are covered with tentacles that produce a sticky dew-like substance that glitters in the sunlight. Insects and other small creatures are attracted to the dew and become stuck when they land on the leaves. The tentacles then close around the insects and digestive enzymes break down the prey. Sundews typically capture flies, mosquitoes, moths, and spiders. Tropical Pitchers - Nepenthes Plant species from the genus Nepenthes are known as Tropical Pitcher plants or Monkey Cups. These plants are typically found in the tropical forests of Southeast Asia. The leaves of pitcher plants are brightly colored and shaped like pitchers. Insects are lured to the plant by the bright colors and nectar. The inside walls of the leaves are covered with waxy scales that make them very slippery. Insects may slip and fall to the bottom of the pitcher where the plant secretes digestive fluids. Large pitcher plants have been known to trap small frogs, snakes, and even birds. North American Pitchers - Sarracenia Species from the genus Sarracenia are called North American Pitcher plants. These plants inhabit grassy marshes, swamps, and other wetlands. The leaves of Sarracenia plants are also shaped like pitchers. Insects are lured to the plant by nectar and may slip from the edge of the leaves and fall to the bottom of the pitcher. In some species, the insects die when they drown in water that has accumulated at the bottom of the pitcher. They are then digested by enzymes that are released into the water. Bladderworts - Utricularia Utricularia australis (bladderwort). Paul Starosta/Corbis Documentary/Getty Images Plus Species of Utricularia are known as Bladderworts. The name comes from the tiny sacs, which resemble bladders, that are located on the stems and leaves. Bladderworts are rootless plants found in aquatic areas and in wet soil. These plants have a trapdoor mechanism for capturing prey. The sacs have a small membrane cover that acts as a door. Their oval shape creates a vacuum that sucks in tiny insects when they trigger hairs that are located around the door. Digestive enzymes are then released inside the sacs to digest the prey. Bladderworts consume aquatic invertebrates, water fleas, insect larvae, and even small fish. More About Carnivorous Plants For more information about carnivorous plants, take a look at the Carnivorous Plant Database and The Carnivorous Plant FAQ. Sources Reece, Jane B., and Neil A. Campbell. Campbell Biology. Benjamin Cummings, 2011.

Life and Its Lessons Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Life and Its Lessons - Essay Example Socrates said that he doesn’t want to flee, though he was to be sentenced. He wants to be sentenced even though he doesn’t believe in the ways on how the government sentenced him. He would like that the public know of his ideas rather than flee. He was a philosopher and he stood with his beliefs even if it meant he had to die for it. He further stated in Apology that â€Å"A good man cannot be harmed either in life or in death† and since he believed that he did the right thing, then he knew that even if he died then he would not be harmed.It was also in the text â€Å"Apology† wherein the â€Å"Strong Promise of Defiance† showed that Socrates was willing to defy the Athenian court whether it was a legal or illegal order if it stops him from being what he is which is a philosopher. In addition to this, another example is in the story â€Å"The Lesson† by Toni Cade Bambara, one of the characters Miss Moore is a college educated woman who has co me to live in a poor African−American neighborhood and took the responsibility to teach the children living in it about the community outside and the problems that African Americans and poor people face in the world. Miss Moore was not afraid to be different from the other members of the community where she lived. She was college educated, does not go to church like the rest of the community and wore her hair in curls that was different from the African-American descent who had their hair straightened out. . This just shows that she’s comfortable with her ancestry and does not conform to what was expected of their race. She was not afraid to share her ideas even if others think she is weird. Another example came from the play â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun† by Lorraine Hansbury, Beneatha was a feminist, her ideas and the way she thinks were that of a modern African-American woman. She even wants to works as a doctor which in his brother’s eyes was a job for a m an and wanted her to be a nurse instead. She was not afraid to speak of her ideas and what she feels (Domina, 3). In order to make right decisions people have to determine first who they really are. Because if they deny everything that they stand for, then the decision making capabilities may be hindered by conflicts within themselves. Another question that a person asks in life is â€Å"what can I know†, what people know in their lifetime came from what they learned from childhood and reinforced as they grow old. The lessons in life â€Å"what we can know† are influenced by people met in school, work, and the society. In addition, some lessons are results of the decisions or choices that are made. The story â€Å"The Things we Carried† by Tim O’Brien depicts and shows the things that soldiers carry both physical and emotional issues. It sets an example on what can one know in the workplace and the people they work

660 questions 11 and 12 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

660 questions 11 and 12 - Assignment Example s in exchange to the things of value, such as rewards, praise, resources or avoidance of disciplinary action; so that they move towards achieving the goals of both the leader and followers (Sashkin and Sashkin, 2003). The difficulties and complications associated with the present state of affairs are explained to the followers. Then, the leaders urge the followers’ value system for bringing about the change. Thus, an emotional bond between the two is formed in transformational leadership. Such bondage ensures long term success to the leader. However, transactional leaders do not address such emotional or personal issues of followers, but motivate them to achieve the required goals in return to a reward or in order to avoid punishment. The emotional bondage is missing and is based on the positional power and influence of leader. The efforts of leaders only gain short term benefits (Hughes and Curphy, 2012). Transformational leaders are visionary and are skilled in creating lasting impressions, thus, exhibit certain leadership capabilities. This clear expression or possession of leadership skills is not found in transactional leaders. Transformational leaders also help the followers draw up a link between the solutions to their individual setbacks and the organizational goals. In the course of leadership, the followers are encouraged to actively participate in the transformational processes and empowered to grow into leaders in future. In contrast, though the benefits accorded to followers motivate the latter to improve their performance, the resultant positive energy is not completely employed towards organization in the upcoming period, as the leaders are not skillful and visionary enough to make such an attempt (Hughes and Curphy, 2012). Both transactional and transformational leaders focus on leader and member exchange, be it the things of value in the former case or emotional exchanges in the latter form. Both the forms of leaders appeal to the needs of the

European spatial planning report Research Paper

European spatial planning report - Research Paper Example Identified aspects of the European background for spatial planning and expansion that are definite will be utilized to analyze matters of the report. There is an intense global perspective to spatial planning (Dühr et al. 2010). European incorporation enhances interconnections, growth and administrative across countrywide and regional borders (Hahn 2014). EU strategies in aspects such as surroundings, agriculture, transport, or regional strategy have extensive effects on spatial growth patterns and planning measures. The report concludes with assessment and recommendations that can assist the selected UK territory authority execute roles adequately (O’brien and Sykes 2013; Sykes 2011b). LED is a creation that is geared to promote development in suitable regions. The policy of LEP is about supporting economic development through enterprise zones and local enterprise partnerships. By considering LEP of various regions it is possible to advise the UK territorial authority in matters that affect development of some regions. LEP has challenges of social, economical and environmental capacity. However, different regions have dealt with these challenges in different ways. Local enterprise partnerships are affiliations between businesses and local authorities (Great Britain and Bailey 2010). They make a decision what the priorities must be for investment in infrastructures, buildings and amenities in the area. They are a means regions can develop without overdependence on federal or central governments. LEPs were provided the opportunity to apply to have a venture or project (investment) zone and 24 were offered. These regions can take benefit of tax incentives and easy lo cal planning policy (O’brien and Sykes 2013). They can have a key responsibility in this changeover or evolution both in terms of their responsibility in strategic economic planning, for example in investing in the essential infrastructure

Narrative Argument About Education Religion Essay Example for Free

Narrative Argument About Education Religion Essay Considering the gift of computers Bill Gates bestowed upon libraries for students, I’m sure his intentions were for the students to excel and keep abreast of the ever changing world of technology, not to replace reading with surfing the web. I agree with Judith Levine when she stated, â€Å"It’s important for students to read books, magazines, newspapers, history, poetry, politics and listen to people who know what they’re talking about.† Reading books and other literature teaches students the past, present and future, not only for things happening in the world today but facts about things past. Dating myself, I think back to the days of the sixties and seventies when reading was fundamental to education. Literacy was important and the only choice we had was to read a book because there were no computers. Teachers took us to the library weekly, and we were required to check out at least one book and read it. There was also time set aside during class for us to stand up and read a portion of your book aloud. Most of our books had no pictures to stimulate the imagination, so you felt a sense of accomplishment when the book was finished. Teachers took education very serious, and they knew reading was essential to be successful in life; therefore, they made sure we took it serious as well. When we read a story for a writing assignment, our first resource was the encyclopedia, which was neatly stacked inside the bookcase in almost every home. There were no short cuts to obtaining information. Reading is more empowering than one-click learning; you develop increased discernibility and critical thinking skills. Computers are a great tool. I use one every day for my online college courses and I know how important it is to question everything I retrieve on the internet. Computers, however, have made students slack  and lazy. From a very young age children have developed the attitude of not liking to read and with computers supplying all the answers for them, they don’t have to. As I sit and look at my blank computer screen, and time is ticking away until my essay is due, I read my story once again. I also head for the web, but only to get ideas and something to assist me with my starting point. Nothing takes the place of old fashioned reading. I know my subject is education and my story is talking about computers, so I google education using computers. One site Using Technology: Ways to use Computers/Education.com catches my eye, but after accessing the site I soon find this is not the site or the data that’s going to help me prepare a creditable paper. So I reread my story and the instructions, put my critical thinking cap on and choose not to one stop shop for my assignment. I begin writing everything I can think of and soon the ideas surface. This is unlike inexperienced users, like our children and grandchildren, who rely heavily on data they retrieve from the internet without considering how much weight the site is going to hold, and what kind of argument the data will present to their readers who may feel they did not provide enough information about the topic. Our students have become accustom to presenting data found on the web as fact, giving no thought to how bias the information might be. Some even portray the data as their own, without verifying its validity. Parents need to share some of the responsibility, because we are not teaching our children the difference between working hard and hardly working. From a Biblical perspective Deuteronomy 6: 4-9 states: â€Å"Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is one! You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your strength. And these words which I command you today shall be in your heart. You shall teach them diligently to your children, and shall talk of them when you sit in your house, when you walk by the way, when you lie down, and when you rise up. You shall bind them as a sign on your hand, and they shall be as frontlets between your eyes. You shall write them on the doorposts of your house and on your gates†. This command from God explains why education is important, and why it is our responsibility as parents to educate our children, both academic and Biblically. My eighty-three year old Uncle Mike was a prime example of why getting an education is important. He only had about an eighth grade education and virtually no Biblical  knowledge. Because of his limitations, he was never able to make a decent living throughout his life. He also had no knowledge of who God was and expressed no desire to be saved. His soul was doomed to hell; however, I never gave up on Uncle Mike. I knew it was God’s will that everyone be saved, and on July 28th, 2013, his eyes were opened, and his heart soften as he accepted Jesus Christ as his Lord and Savior two days before he passed away. In conclusion, computer use has caused us to no longer read books or utilize our critical thinking skills. Our students have become slack and lazy and collect unreliable data to present as facts. We must guide and teach them how to surf the web and to become better readers, which in turn, will make them better writers. References Levine, J, â€Å"I Surf, Therefore I Am†, in To the Point, Reading and Writing Short Arguments, 2nd, 222-224. Pearson Education, Inc. 2009 MacArthur Study Bible NKJV (1997) Word Publishing, a division of Thomas Nelson Inc. Narrative Argument about Education Thesis/Outline Topic: Education and Computers Thesis Statement: The everyday use of computers has caused us to become slack and lazy. We no longer read or utilize our critical thinking skills. The inexperienced user collects unreliable data, and presents them as fact. Outline: I. Introduction Reading vs Computers II. Body Paragraphs A. Author argument B. Education Importance C. Alternative to Computers D. Biblical Perspective. Conclusion Computer use has caused us to no longer read or utilize of critical  thinking skills.

Comparison of Universities and Community Colleges Essay -- College Edu

Comparison of Universities and Community Colleges When you graduate high school you have your choice of what kind of an education you want to get. You have your choice of going to a 4-year university, or a 2-year college. In order to decide you will compare the two and use the comparisons to come up with your final decision. Questions to ask yourself would be, what are you looking for in college, how do you want to learn, and how much money do you have to work with. Comparing University and Community college the first thing that comes to mind is the difference in price. Certain Universities are more expensive than others. The difference in price is because of the difference in price and size, also because of the difference in the educational program they have. The price for a University can also differ with whether or not you are going to live there. With a Community college the price will differ significantly. The difference in price strands for the difference in size, teaching and living. At a Community college you have a sma ller campus, the curriculum is different and yo...

History Of Basketball :: Sports

The game of basketball has evolved a great deal throughout the years. Basketball was invented on December 21, 1891. The inventor of the game was a Canadian clergyman, James Naismith (Joseph Morse, 1973). The game of basketball was fashioned from fragments of other games, seeking to eliminate flaws of indoor rugby, soccer and lacrosse. Naismith also borrowed aspects from the children’s game â€Å"Duck-on-a-Rock,† in which children tried to knock off a rock from a boulder by tossing smaller rocks from about 20 feet away (Lauren S. Bahr, 1995). There has been no question that basketball was first played in the United States. In fact, the first game was played at the International Young Men’s Christian Association Training School, now called Springfield College. (Joseph Morse, 1973) Naismith invented basketball as an alternative to the calisthenics and marching his students practiced to keep fit in the winters (Lauren S. Bahr, 1995). Basketball was a simple game, which consists of a ball and a basket. The very first ball that was used was a soccer ball until 1894 when an actual â€Å"basketball† was invented. The basketball was slightly smaller, about 30 inches in diameter (William D.Halsey, 1975). While, the first baskets that were used were two peach baskets that were hung from the balcony of the gymnasium (Frank G. Menke, 1970). By 1906, the peach baskets were replaced by metal baskets with holes in the bottom. These holes were placed in the basket so a long pole could be used to poke the basketball out of the basket. This was better then in the early days, when a ladder was used to climb and fetch the ball out of the basket. Finally, in 1913 a hoop with a net was invented so the basketball could fall freely to the ground (Lauren S. Bahr, 1995). In my opinion, the invention of the hoop and net was a major step in the game of basketball. Due to the free falling ball the game’s tempo increased whic h allowed the game of basketball to develop even more. In 1893, due to the overzealous spectators interfering with the basketball, the backboard was invented. The first backboard was constructed out of wire mesh, then wood and now it is made out of glass so the backboard does not interfere with the viewing of the game (Lauren S. Bahr, 1995). Around this time, there was no name for this game. Students wanted to call the game â€Å"Naismith Ball,† but in did not take. History Of Basketball :: Sports The game of basketball has evolved a great deal throughout the years. Basketball was invented on December 21, 1891. The inventor of the game was a Canadian clergyman, James Naismith (Joseph Morse, 1973). The game of basketball was fashioned from fragments of other games, seeking to eliminate flaws of indoor rugby, soccer and lacrosse. Naismith also borrowed aspects from the children’s game â€Å"Duck-on-a-Rock,† in which children tried to knock off a rock from a boulder by tossing smaller rocks from about 20 feet away (Lauren S. Bahr, 1995). There has been no question that basketball was first played in the United States. In fact, the first game was played at the International Young Men’s Christian Association Training School, now called Springfield College. (Joseph Morse, 1973) Naismith invented basketball as an alternative to the calisthenics and marching his students practiced to keep fit in the winters (Lauren S. Bahr, 1995). Basketball was a simple game, which consists of a ball and a basket. The very first ball that was used was a soccer ball until 1894 when an actual â€Å"basketball† was invented. The basketball was slightly smaller, about 30 inches in diameter (William D.Halsey, 1975). While, the first baskets that were used were two peach baskets that were hung from the balcony of the gymnasium (Frank G. Menke, 1970). By 1906, the peach baskets were replaced by metal baskets with holes in the bottom. These holes were placed in the basket so a long pole could be used to poke the basketball out of the basket. This was better then in the early days, when a ladder was used to climb and fetch the ball out of the basket. Finally, in 1913 a hoop with a net was invented so the basketball could fall freely to the ground (Lauren S. Bahr, 1995). In my opinion, the invention of the hoop and net was a major step in the game of basketball. Due to the free falling ball the game’s tempo increased whic h allowed the game of basketball to develop even more. In 1893, due to the overzealous spectators interfering with the basketball, the backboard was invented. The first backboard was constructed out of wire mesh, then wood and now it is made out of glass so the backboard does not interfere with the viewing of the game (Lauren S. Bahr, 1995). Around this time, there was no name for this game. Students wanted to call the game â€Å"Naismith Ball,† but in did not take.

Development of Jane Eyre Essay

At the opening of her incredible journey, Jane Eyre is a timid, shy, and headstrong girl. Through the course of her journey, her character does not exactly â€Å"change†, but rather expands and develops. Her first growth starts at the Lowood School, where she finally finds herself in a society with which she can relate and grow. The second advance appears in the place of Thornfield, a place of many wonders. Then, in the region of Morton and Marsh End (or Moor House), Jane really evolves into the person she is truly meant to be. While enrolled in the Lowood School, Jane finds true friends that are closer than even her own family. She starts as the shy, ever pleasing, little girl. Within her stay at the Lowood School, she meets Miss Temple and Helen Burns. Helen is a student at the school as well. She is and intelligent young girl who is forgetful, submissive, and tolerant. Helen’s submissive ways aggravate Jane to no extent, yet this does not faze Helen. Helen’s way is to not look for a home in the world but to look towards God and heaven for residence. Although her approach to life makes her docile, it does not make her oblivious to the many abuses put to the girls of Lowood, she just believes that justice will be found in God’s kingdom. That the bad will be punished and the good will be rewarded. Therefore, Helen’s methods teach Jane to count on God for support and guidance in her life. Meanwhile, Miss Temple, a teacher at the school, is a kind and loving woman. This woman has the heart of a celestial being and is fair and just to every one of her students. Miss Temple is able to command respect from everyone around her without even attempting. She is not afraid to stand up to her superiors when extraneous suffering has been put upon her students. Miss Temple’s part in Jane’s development is that she teaches her to unknowingly demand respect from everyone as a whole and to justly love anyone unconditionally, no matter the circumstances. In Thornfield, Jane reaches another developmental milestone. Until this point, Jane never really discovers a place she can find home. As she comes to perceive this dwelling as home, she befriends a few distinctive characters, mainly Adele Varens, the little French girl that she has been brought to Thornfield to teach. Not only in Adele the sole reason Jane made the fateful trip to Thornfield, she also plays a part in the process of Jane’s evolution. Jane is never spoiled in childhood or a doll to anyone. In contrast, this is exactly what Adele’s life is about. Adele, who everyone usually ignores, is spoiled beyond belief. Mostly, her elders treat her like a doll. Incidentally, Adele basically has the childhood that Jane can never partake in. From taking Adele under her wing, Jane also becomes a sort of mother-figure to the young girl, resulting from Adele’s mother running away from the girl. For the most part, Adele indoctrinates Jane to become a more free-spirited, playful, and spoiled young woman, coupled with the fact that Adele transforms Jane’s character into a more mother-like figure. While in the area of Morton and Marsh End, Jane makes some life changing discoveries to go along with her ever changing shape of a being. Here is where she meets unknowingly meets her family that she has no idea exists, and through these connections, she gains her fortune of money from her uncle, John Eyre. â€Å"How can someone’s character become more develop from a person without ever even meeting them?† one might ask. Well, John Eyre’s fortune makes a considerable impact on Jane’s life. Jane finally becomes an independent for once in her life. She no longer has to rely on anyone to take care of her or watch over her actions. By the vast amount of money she attains, Jane also realizes that she is generous and decides she cannot keep money she did not rightfully earn. Therefore, Jane splits the money with her cousins on the accord of she was not the only on that had legitimate claim to the money. Furthermore, while in Morton, Jane became a schoolteacher. Chiefly, when Jane was a teacher at the Lowood School, she had students that were willing to learn and usually had some educational background. One the other hand, the students at the new school in Morton were not exceptionally bright and most were not all that willing to learn. Consequently, Jane was learning to understand people more and found she could see the best in people, and in most cases, she discovers she can bring out a willingness to learn in her students. Throughout the series of her adventures, Jane uncovers distinct traits within herself that bring out the full blown Jane Eyre. Transforming from a timid, shy, and headstrong girl to a loving, respect commanding, free-spirited, playful, and generous young woman, Jane Eyre becomes a fully developed, well rounded person that knows the good in the world and how to pursue her dreams.

Free Essays on Flood Stories of Gilgamesh and Genesis

People grow up listening to the story of Noah and the flood. They remember the length of the flood, the dove, and the rainbow very vividly. However, most people do not realize that the story is told throughout many different cultures and with accounts older than Genesis ¹s version in the Bible. Although each of the accounts tells of the flood, there are many variations to the story. One such story can be found in the Epic of Gilgamesh. Although the Epic of Gilgamesh is similar to the Genesis version, there are some differences in the days leading to, during, and after the flood. The days leading to the flood are different as well as similar in the Epic of Gilgamesh and the Genesis version of the flood. In the Epic of Gilgamesh, the gods decided to send a flood because the people on Earth were noisy. One man, Utnapishtim, was given a dream by one of the gods because of an oath. Contrastingly, in Genesis, God sent a flood to destroy the evils that man had created. He warned Noah about the flood because Noah was good. Both Utnapishtim and Noah constructed boats to survive the flood. Utnapishtim ¹s boat was 120 cubits and a perfect cube. It was completed with seven decks that were divided into nine sections each. On the other hand, Noah ¹s ark was three hundred cubits in length, fifty cubits in width, and thirty cubits in height. It had a skylight and a door in the side. It was only three stories high. After the boat was constructed, Gilgamesh  ³loaded into her all that I (he) had of gold and of living things, my family, my kin, the best of the field both wild and tame, and all the craftsmen ²(p. 37). Noah, similarly, loaded his family, food, and a male and female pair of each animal. Now each group wa... Free Essays on Flood Stories of Gilgamesh and Genesis Free Essays on Flood Stories of Gilgamesh and Genesis People grow up listening to the story of Noah and the flood. They remember the length of the flood, the dove, and the rainbow very vividly. However, most people do not realize that the story is told throughout many different cultures and with accounts older than Genesis ¹s version in the Bible. Although each of the accounts tells of the flood, there are many variations to the story. One such story can be found in the Epic of Gilgamesh. Although the Epic of Gilgamesh is similar to the Genesis version, there are some differences in the days leading to, during, and after the flood. The days leading to the flood are different as well as similar in the Epic of Gilgamesh and the Genesis version of the flood. In the Epic of Gilgamesh, the gods decided to send a flood because the people on Earth were noisy. One man, Utnapishtim, was given a dream by one of the gods because of an oath. Contrastingly, in Genesis, God sent a flood to destroy the evils that man had created. He warned Noah about the flood because Noah was good. Both Utnapishtim and Noah constructed boats to survive the flood. Utnapishtim ¹s boat was 120 cubits and a perfect cube. It was completed with seven decks that were divided into nine sections each. On the other hand, Noah ¹s ark was three hundred cubits in length, fifty cubits in width, and thirty cubits in height. It had a skylight and a door in the side. It was only three stories high. After the boat was constructed, Gilgamesh  ³loaded into her all that I (he) had of gold and of living things, my family, my kin, the best of the field both wild and tame, and all the craftsmen ²(p. 37). Noah, similarly, loaded his family, food, and a male and female pair of each animal. Now each group wa...